There are many rules as to how words should be accented or divided into syllables, so I will try to answer your question to the best of my abilities. The apostrophe marks the accent, the dash marks the syllable.
a. dictionary: 'dic-tion-ar-y
b. shallow: 'shal-low
c. catastrophe: ca-'tas-tro-phe
d. emergency: e-'mer-gen-cy
e. happiness: 'hap-pi-ness
f. climb: 'climb
g. sugar: 'sug-ar
h. sushi: 'su-shi
