Does this question have the following options?
A.spite/benefit to actor.
B.spite/cost to recipient.
C.spite/cost to actor.
D.spite/genetic relatedness (r).
If so, then the answer is letter B.
Hamilton's rule explains spiteful behavior and relatedness. Altruism is a type of social behaviour. In altruism, behaviour
is considered social when there are consequences between the recipients [ actor
and the other individual].
