Analyze Nuance to Determine Meaning
I then, very cleverly, left all the rest to my mother, who suggested to my father, as I knew she would, that it would not be very nice to let such a kind woman make the trip for nothing. Also, since it was a schoolteacher, I imagine that my mother countered the idea of sin with the idea of “education,” which word, even with my father, carried a kind of bitter weight.

—“Notes of a Native Son,”
James Baldwin

Which definition of bitter is used in this passage?

an expression of deep pain, grief, or regret

a deep cynicism toward others

distasteful or distressing to the mind